We describe some basic facts from the theory of linear error bounds for lower semicontinuous functions on complete metric spaces, relying upon Ekeland's variational principle and on the notion of strong slope. We then show how this variational method yields the classical Banach-Schauder and Lusternik-Graves open mapping theorems

Contact details are reproduced from the original publication and may be historical.

Dominique Azé

UMR CNRS MIP, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France

aze@mip.ups-tlse.fr

Jean-Noël Corvellec

Laboratoire MANO, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France

corvellec@univ-perp.fr
  1. J.-P. Aubin: Contingent derivatives of set-valued maps and existence of solutions to nonlinear inclusions and differential inclusions, Adv. Math., Suppl. Stud. 7A (1981) 159–229.Google Scholar
  2. J.-P. Aubin: Lipschitz behavior of solutions to convex minimization problems, Math. Oper. Res. 9 (1984) 87–111.https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.9.1.87Google Scholar
  3. D. Azé, J.-N. Corvellec: On the sensitivity analysis of Hoffman constants for systems of linear inequalities, SIAM J. Optim. 12 (2002) 913–927.https://doi.org/10.1137/S1052623400375853Google Scholar
  4. D. Azé, J.-N. Corvellec: Characterizations of error bounds for lower semicontinuous functions on metric spaces, ESAIM, Control Optim. Calc. Var. 10 (2004) 409–425.https://doi.org/10.1051/cocv:2004013Google Scholar
  5. D. Azé, J.-N. Corvellec, R. E. Lucchetti: Variational pairs and applications to stability in nonsmooth analysis, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 49 (2002) 643–670.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00129-8Google Scholar
  6. S. Banach: Théorie des Opérations Linéaires, Monografie Matematyczne, Warsaw (1932).Google Scholar
  7. J. M. Borwein: Stability and regular points of inequality systems, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 48 (1986) 9–52.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00938588Google Scholar
  8. J. M. Borwein, D. M. Zhuang: Verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions for openness and regularity of set-valued maps, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 134 (1988), 441–459.https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(88)90034-0Google Scholar
  9. E. De Giorgi, A. Marino, M. Tosques: Problemi di evoluzione in spazi metrici e curve di massima pendenza, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, VIII. Ser., Rend., Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 68 (1980) 180–187.Google Scholar
  10. A. L. Dontchev: The Graves theorem revisited, J. Convex Analysis 3 (1996) 45–53.https://doi.org/10.68381/jca03003Google Scholar
  11. A. L. Dontchev, R. T. Rockafellar: Characterizations of strong regularity for variational inequalities over polyhedral convex sets, SIAM J. Optim. 6 (1996) 1087–1105.https://doi.org/10.1137/S1052623495284029Google Scholar
  12. I. Ekeland: On the variational principle, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 47 (1974) 324–353.https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(74)90025-0Google Scholar
  13. I. Ekeland: Nonconvex minimization problems, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 1 (1979) 443–474.https://doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-1979-14595-6Google Scholar
  14. L. M. Graves: Some mapping theorems, Duke Math. J. 17 (1950) 111–114.https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-50-01713-3Google Scholar
  15. A. Ioffe: Regular points of Lipschitz functions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 251 (1979) 61–69.https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1979-0531969-6Google Scholar
  16. A. Ioffe: On the local surjection property, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 11 (1987) 565–592.https://doi.org/10.1016/0362-546X(87)90073-3Google Scholar
  17. A. Ioffe: Towards metric theory of metric regularity, in: Approximation, Optimization and Mathematical Economics (Guadeloupe, 1999), M. Lassonde (ed.), Physica, Heidelberg (2001) 165–176.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57592-1_15Google Scholar
  18. A. Ioffe: Metric regularity and subdifferential calculus, Russ. Math. Surv. 55 (2000) 501–558.https://doi.org/10.1070/RM2000v055n03ABEH000292Google Scholar
  19. L. A. Lusternik: Conditional extrema of functionals, Mat. Sb. 41 (1934) 390–401.Google Scholar
  20. B. S. Mordukhovich, Y. Shao: Differential characterizations of covering, metric regularity and Lipschitzian properties of multifunctions, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 25 (1995) 1401–1428.https://doi.org/10.1016/0362-546X(94)00256-HGoogle Scholar
  21. J.-P. Penot: Metric regularity, openness and Lipschitzian behavior of multifunctions, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 13 (1989) 629–643.https://doi.org/10.1016/0362-546X(89)90083-7Google Scholar
  22. J. Schauder: Über die Umkehrung linearer, stetiger Funktionaloperationen, Studia Math. 2 (1930) 1–6.https://doi.org/10.4064/sm-2-1-1-6Google Scholar
  23. J. D. Weston: A characterization of metric completeness, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 64 (1977) 186–188.https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1977-0458359-2Google Scholar

D. Azé, J.-N. Corvellec. “Variational Methods in Classical Open Mapping Theorems.” Journal of Convex Analysis 13 (2006), No. 3/4, 477–488. https://doi.org/10.68381/jca13041