Abstract

Prox-regularity is a fundamental property of functions in second-order variational analysis that has come to be understood as marking the boundary for convexity-like behavior. Broad classes of examples have long been familiar, but there has not been any pointwise test based on generalized second derivatives to check for its presence. Such tests are developed here in terms of newly defined strict second subderivatives and strict second-order subdifferentials. They also identify the exact associated level of variational s-convexity, whether positive or negative. A recent criterion of Gfrerer for the level of variational s-convexity of a function already identified as prox-regular is shown to follow also from the theory of generalized twice differentiability of convex functions and their conjugates. Tests of the strong variational sufficient condition for local optimality are obtained as an application.

Author information

Contact details are reproduced from the original publication and may be historical.

Ralph Tyrrell Rockafellar

Dept. of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, U.S.A.

rtr@uw.edu

Keywords

  • Second-order variational analysis
  • generalized second derivatives
  • modulus of convexity
  • variational convexity
  • local subdifferential monotonicity
  • uniform quadratic growth
  • prox-regularity
  • tilt stability
  • variational sufficiency

Mathematics Subject Classification

49J53, 52A41

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Suggested citation

R. T. Rockafellar. “Derivative Tests for Prox-Regularity and the Modulus of Convexity.” Journal of Convex Analysis 33 (2026), No. 1&2, 243–266. https://doi.org/10.68381/jca33016

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Published by Heldermann Verlag, 2026. Rights now held by Banach Press LLC.