The aim of this paper is to investigate the dual problem of a generalized equilibrium problem in the framework of a reflexive Banach space. By means of the Fenchel duality, we introduce the dual problem defined via the Fitzpatrick transform of the bifunction involved, that turns out to be an equilibrium problem itself in the dual space. We present conditions which entail the solvability of both primal and dual problems.

Contact details are reproduced from the original publication and may be historical.

Nicolas Hadjisavvas

University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece

nhad@aegean.gr

Rita Pini

Dip. di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

rita.pini@unimib.it
  1. M. H. Alizadeh, N. Hadjisavvas: On the Fitzpatrick transform of a monotone bifunction, Optimization 62 (2013) 693–701.https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2011.653975Google Scholar
  2. J.-P. Aubin: Optima and Equilibria. An Introduction to Nonlinear Analysis, 2nd ed., Graduate Texts in Mathematics 140, Springer, Berlin (1998).Google Scholar
  3. H. H. Bauschke, P. L. Combettes: Convex Analysis and Monotone Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces, 2nd ed., CMS Books in Mathematics, Springer, Cham (2017).https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48311-5Google Scholar
  4. C. Berge: Topological Spaces Including a Treatment of Multi-Valued Functions, Vector Spaces and Convexity, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh (1963).Google Scholar
  5. M. Bianchi, N. Hadjisavvas, R. Pini: Representative functions of maximally monotone operators and bifunctions, Math. Program. 168 (2018) 433–448.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-016-1020-8Google Scholar
  6. M. Bianchi, R. Pini: A note on Fenchel duality for equilibrium problem, Minimax Theory Appl. 8 (2023) 409–422.Google Scholar
  7. G. Bigi, M. Castellani, G. Kassay: A dual view of equilibrium problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 342 (2008) 17–26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.11.034Google Scholar
  8. E. Blum, W. Oettli: From optimization and variational inequalities to equilibrium problems, Math. Student 63 (1994) 123–145.Google Scholar
  9. J. M. Borwein, J. D. Vanderwerff: Convex Functions: Constructions, Characterizations and Counterexamples, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087322Google Scholar
  10. J. M. Borwein, Q. J. Zhu: Techniques of Variational Analysis, CMS Books in Mathematics 20, Springer, New York (2005).Google Scholar
  11. R. Bot, S.-M. Grad: Approaching the maximal monotonicity of bifunctions via representative functions, J. Convex Analysis 19 (2012) 713–724.https://doi.org/10.68381/jca19038Google Scholar
  12. H. Brezis: Analyse Fonctionnelle, Masson, Paris (1987).Google Scholar
  13. I. Ekeland, R. Temam: Convex Analysis and Variational Problems, SIAM Classics in Applied Mathematics, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia (1999).Google Scholar
  14. I. Konnov, S. Schaible: Duality for equilibrium problems under generalized monotonicity, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 104 (2002) 395–408.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004665830923Google Scholar
  15. R. Lucchetti: Convexity and Well-Posed Problems, Springer, Berlin (2006).https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31082-7Google Scholar
  16. J. E. Martinez-Legaz, W. Sosa: Duality for equilibrium problems, J. Global Optim. 35 (2006) 311–319.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-005-3840-6Google Scholar
  17. U. Mosco: Implicit variational problems and quasi variational inequalities, in: Nonlinear Operators and the Calculus of Variations, J. P. Gossez et al. (eds.), Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol. 543, Springer, Berlin (1976) 83–156.https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0079943Google Scholar
  18. R. T. Rockafellar: Convex Analysis, Princeton Mathematical Series No. 28, Princeton University Press, Princeton (1970).Google Scholar
  19. H. Tuy: Minimax theorems revisited, Acta Math. Vietnam. 29 (2004) 217–229.Google Scholar
  20. C. Zalinescu: Convex Analysis in General Vector Spaces, World Scientific, Singapore (2002).https://doi.org/10.1142/5021Google Scholar

M. Bianchi, N. Hadjisavvas, R. Pini. “Dual Equilibrium Problems in Reflexive Banach Spaces.” Journal of Convex Analysis 33 (2026), No. 1&2, 543–560. https://doi.org/10.68381/jca33034